Early immunocytochemical analyses identified AQP9 in tanycytes, astrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons. More than 20 years have elapsed since AQP9 was identified in the brain, yet there are still significant voids in our knowledge as to the localization and function of this aquaporin in brain tissue. The present analysis provides novel insight into the role of AQP9 in the brain and opens new avenues for research in the field of neuroinflammation and chronic neurodegenerative disease.Īquaporin-9 (AQP9) is a member of the aquaglyceroporin subfamily, with permeability to a wide range of noncharged solutes such as glycerol, urea, monocarboxylates, purines, and pyrimidines in addition to water. Further, in isolated cell subsets, validated by flow cytometry we demonstrated that Aqp9 transcripts are expressed in microglial cells, albeit at lower concentrations than in astrocytes. After intrastriatal injections of MPP +, the increase in transcript levels of proinflammatory genes was less pronounced in AQP9 −/− mice compared with wild-type controls. This toxin induces a strong inflammatory response in brain. Our results show that targeted deletion of Aqp9 significantly suppressed the inflammatory response to the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP +). We also explored whether Aqp9 is expressed in microglial cells, which would be supportive of this hypothesis. In this study, we hypothesized that AQP9 plays a proinflammatory role in the brain, analogous to its role in the periphery. In peripheral tissues, AQP9 is expressed in leukocytes where it is involved in systemic inflammation processes. Yet its precise localization and function in brain tissue remain unresolved. More than 20 years have passed since the first demonstration of Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in the brain.
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